Raws li lub hnub ci zog dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev thawb rau lub zog tauj dua tshiab, kev tsim thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub hnub ci zog tau txais kev saib xyuas tseem ceeb. Hnub ci photovoltaic (PV) tshuab tau dav siv hauv thaj chaw, kev lag luam, thiab kev lag luam, ua rau nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog kev nyab xeeb thiab cov qauv cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tsim cov tshuab no. Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuab no yog covhnub ci cable. Txij li cov cables no tau siv los nqa hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, lawv cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tiv thaiv kev phom sij.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb xyuas qhov hluav taws kub ntawm cov hnub ci hluav taws xob, cov qauv tswj hwm lawv cov qauv tsim thiab kev tsim khoom, thiab yuav ua li cas lawv pab txhawb rau tag nrho kev nyab xeeb ntawm photovoltaic systems. Peb tseem yuav tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv hluav taws kub-resistant siv nyob rau hauv hnub ci cables, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom no, thiab yuav ua li cas lawv ua kom ntseeg tau ntev thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv kev teeb tsa lub hnub ci.
1. Dab tsi yog aHnub ci Cable?
Lub hnub ci cable yog ib qho tshwj xeeb tsim hluav taws xob cable siv los txuasphotovoltaic hnub ci panelsrau lwm qhov system Cheebtsam, xws li inverters, chargers, thiab roj teeb. Cov cables no raug rau cov ntsiab lus thiab yuav tsum tiv taus ntau yam ntawm ib puag ncig, suav nrog cua sov, noo noo, hluav taws xob UV, thiab kev ntxhov siab ntawm lub cev.
Hnub ci cables feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm ntau yam:
Tus coj: Cov tub ntxhais ntawm lub cable, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm tooj liab lossis txhuas, uas nqa cov hluav taws xob tam sim no.
Rwb thaiv tsev: Nyob ib puag ncig tus neeg xyuas pib, lub rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv luv luv thiab tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob tam sim no los ntawm kev cuam tshuam sab nraud.
Sheath los yog Jacket: Cov txheej txheej sab nraud ntawm lub cable, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ruaj khov, tiv thaiv cov khoom siv sab hauv los ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev, UV rays, ya raws, thiab kev puas tsuaj ib puag ncig.
Muab rau sab nraum zoov raug thiab lub neej ntev ntawm lub hnub ci zog, cov hnub ci cables yog tsim los nrog cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas ua rau lawv tiv taus huab cua, UV rays, thiab, qhov tseem ceeb, hluav taws kub.
2. Vim li cas hluav taws kub tseem ceeb rau hnub ci Cables?
Hluav taws kub tsis kam yog ib qho khoom tseem ceeb rau cov hnub ci hluav taws xob vim qhov hluav taws xob siab thiab cov hluav taws xob tam sim no koom nrog hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic. Txawm hais tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws hauv kev teeb tsa hnub ci yog qhov tsawg dua piv rau lwm lub tshuab hluav taws xob, qhov tseem muaj tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov teeb meem ntawm faulty installation, huab cua puas, los yog hluav taws xob malfunctions.
Cov laj thawj ua rau muaj kev phom sij hauv lub hnub ci tuaj yeem suav nrog:
Luv Circuits: Ua los ntawm cov cables puas, kev sib txuas tsis zoo, lossis cov khoom siv tsis raug.
Kub kub: Yog hais tias cov cables tsis raug ntsuas rau qhov tam sim no lawv nqa, lawv yuav overheat, ua rau melting lossis ignition.
Hluav taws xob yuam kev: Faulty inverters, malfunctioning solar panels, los yog tsis txaus grounding yuav ua rau hluav taws xob faults uas ua rau sparks los yog overheating.
Cov kab hluav taws xob hnub ci nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txaus pab tiv thaiv cov teeb meem no los ntawm kev ua kom cov kab hluav taws xob tsis tawg, hluav taws kub hnyiab, lossis ua kom kub dhau thaum muaj teeb meem lossis hluav taws. Hluav taws kub-resistant cables txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws kis mus rau hauv lub system, txo tag nrho cov txaus ntshai rau lub installation thiab ib puag ncig ib puag ncig.
3. Hluav taws kub Resistance Standards rau Solar Cables
Txhawm rau kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, cov hnub ci cables yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem thoob ntiaj teb kev tiv thaiv hluav taws. Cov qauv no qhia txog cov khoom siv, kev sim, thiab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm uas cov cables yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj hluav taws kub.
Qee cov qauv tseem ceeb suav nrog:
3.1 IEC 60332: Ua
IEC 60332 tus qauv teeb tsa cov txheej txheem rau cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntawm cov cables, suav nrog cov hnub ci cables. Nws qhia txog cov txheej txheem tsim nyog rau cov cables siv hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic kom ntseeg tau tias lawv tsis kis cov nplaim taws lossis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau hluav taws. Cov qauv no tsom rau kev sim cov nplaim hluav taws xob raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov cable. Cov kab hluav taws xob hnub ci uas ua tau raws li IEC 60332 tus qauv yuav tsis tshua muaj hluav taws thiab, yog tias ignited, yuav tsis cia cov hluav taws kub hnyiab mus rau cable.
3.2 TIAB SA 4703
Hauv North America, UL 4703 (Underwriters Laboratories) yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb rau hnub ci cables. UL 4703 npog cov kev tsim kho, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov xov hluav taws xob photovoltaic siv nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si hauv tsev thiab kev lag luam hnub ci kev teeb tsa. Nws ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov kab hluav taws xob siv hauv lub hnub ci yog hluav taws-tiv taus, thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus ib puag ncig kev ntxhov siab xws li kub, UV raug, thiab kev cuam tshuam rau txhua yam. UL 4703 tseem yuav tsum tau cov cables kom tau raws li cov txheej txheem thermal aging thiab hluav taws xob kev ua tau zoo, kom ntseeg tau tias lawv nyob nyab xeeb thiab siv tau rau lub neej ntawm lub cev.
3.3 NEC (National Electrical Code)
Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, National Electrical Code (NEC) muaj cov kev cai tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic, suav nrog kev teeb tsa cov hluav taws kub-resistant cables. Raws li NEC 690.31, txoj cai xav kom cov cables siv hauv kev teeb tsa hnub ci yuav tsum tau sau npe thiab sau npe los ntawm cov chaw kuaj xyuas pom zoo (xws li UL) thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj hluav taws kub. NEC qhia meej tias cov cables siv hauv cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj hluav taws kub thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam luv luv, arc txhaum, lossis lwm yam hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm.
4. Cov khoom siv hauv hluav taws-Resistant Solar Cables
Qhov hluav taws kub tsis kam ntawm lub hnub ci cables feem ntau nyob ntawm cov khoom siv hauv lawv cov kev tsim kho, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab sab nrauv. Cov ntaub ntawv siv yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov kev cai nruj rau cov nplaim hluav taws kub, thermal stability, thiab txhua yam muaj zog. Hauv qab no yog qee yam ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau siv hauv cov hnub ci cables thiab lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob:
4.1 Hla-Txuas Polyethylene (XLPE)
XLPE yog ib qho khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev rau cov hnub ci cables vim nws cov cua sov ua haujlwm zoo, kev ua haujlwm hluav taws xob, thiab kav ntev. Kev sib txuas ntawm cov polymer ua rau nws cov thermal stability, ua rau nws tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias yam tsis muaj softening lossis degrading. XLPE kuj tseem muaj cov nplaim hluav taws kub, tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm hluav taws raws li qhov ntev ntawm lub cable.
4.2 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
PVC yog cov khoom siv dav siv hauv cable rwb thaiv tsev thiab sheathing. Nws yog lub npe hu rau nws cov nplaim hluav taws-retardant zog, uas pab tiv thaiv cables los ntawm igniting los yog kis hluav taws. PVC kuj muaj lub zog zoo txhua yam thiab UV tsis kam, ua rau nws tsim nyog rau kev siv sab nraum zoov. Qee cov qauv PVC muaj xws li chlorinated PVC (CPVC), uas tau txhim kho hluav taws kub zoo piv rau PVC li niaj zaus.
4.3 Ethylene propylene roj hmab (EPR)
EPR yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov hnub ci cables, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov ntawv thov uas cov cables yuav tsum tau tiv taus cov neeg kho tshuab siab lossis kub kub. EPR muaj cov khoom tiv thaiv hluav taws zoo heev thiab tuaj yeem tswj hwm nws cov khoom insulating txawm tias thaum muaj hluav taws kub. Cov khoom siv no feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov cables rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic siab lossis hauv cov cheeb tsam uas cov cables yuav raug rau cov xwm txheej hnyav dua.
4.4 Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE)
TPE yog lwm cov khoom siv rau cov hnub ci cables vim nws cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke thiab cov nplaim hluav taws kub. Nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tshuab uas xav tau cov cables kom hloov tau yooj yim tsis tau hluav taws-resistant. TPE cables kuj muaj huab cua zoo thiab UV tiv thaiv, ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau kev siv sab nraum zoov mus ntev.
4.5 Silicone Roj Hmab
Silicone roj hmab yog cov resistant rau ob qho tib si kub thiab nplaim taws. Thaum kim dua lwm cov ntaub ntawv, nws yog qee zaum siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb hnub ci, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov cables raug tshav kub lossis hluav taws kub. Silicone roj hmab tuav nws txoj kev ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv hluav taws, thiab nws tus kheej-extinguishing zog pab txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws kub.
5. Kev sim rau hluav taws kub
Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov xov hluav taws xob hnub ci ua tau raws li cov qauv tsim hluav taws xob tsim nyog, lawv raug kuaj nruj ua ntej tau txais kev pom zoo siv hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic. Cov kev sim no simulate cov xwm txheej uas cov cables yuav ntsib thaum lub sijhawm lawv lub neej, kom ntseeg tau tias lawv yuav tsis poob lossis ua rau muaj kev sib kis ntawm hluav taws.
Qee qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb suav nrog:
Flame Propagation Test: Qhov kev sim no xyuas seb qhov nplaim taws yuav kis mus rau qhov ntev ntawm lub cable thaum raug nplaim taws. Cables uas dhau qhov kev sim no tsis tshua muaj peev xwm tshaj tawm hluav taws raws lawv qhov ntev.
Hlawv Cwj Pwm Test: Qhov kev ntsuam xyuas no ntsuas cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, suav nrog seb lawv hlawv li cas, cov cua sov uas lawv tso tawm, thiab seb lawv puas tsim cov pa phem thaum lub sij hawm combustion.
Thermal Aging Test: Cov kab hluav taws xob raug kub hnyiab dhau lub sijhawm ntev los txiav txim siab seb lawv khaws lawv cov kev ua tau zoo thiab hluav taws kub npaum li cas rau lub sijhawm ntev.
Arc Fault Test: Qhov kev sim no simulates hluav taws xob arcing uas tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm faults los yog kev sib txuas tsis raug, kom ntseeg tau tias lub cable tuaj yeem tiv taus zoo li no yam tsis muaj hluav taws kub.