Lub installation zoo ntawm lub hnub ci clesles yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas txiav txim siab tag nrho kev ua tau zoo, kev ua tau zoo, thiab ntev ntawm lub photovoltaic (PV) system.Hnub ci xov hlauYog lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm hnub ci ntsa iab rau inverters, roj teeb, thiab lwm yam ntawm lub hnub ci zog. Ib qho kev teeb tsa tsis zoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob hnub ci tuaj yeem ua rau cov teeb meem tseem ceeb xws li poob hwj chim, kev phom sij, thiab hluav taws xob tsis zoo.
Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav kawm txog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb los xyuas qhov kev teeb tsa zoo ntawm lub hnub ci cable, txij thaum pib kuaj xyuas kom muaj kev tu ncua. Los ntawm kev ua raws li cov lus qhia no, cov tswv cuab thiab cov tswv cuab tuaj yeem tsim nyog tias cov xov xwm hnub ci tau raug teeb tsa, tiv thaiv, thiab ua tau zoo.
1. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev teeb tsa kom zoo
Lub kaw nruab kom tsim nyog ntawm cov xov xwm ci ntsa iab yog qhov tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias lub hnub ci zog ua haujlwm muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txuag nws lub neej. Kev teeb tsa tsis raug yuav ua rau muaj ntau yam teeb meem:
Tso tseg: Tsis raug cai loj lossis cov txheej txheem tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws xob poob mus rau, txo cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm.
Tshav kub tsim-up: Overloaded lossis tsis raug ntsia cov cable tuaj yeem ua kom sov, nce kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws lossis kev sib xyaw ua tsis ua haujlwm.
NEEG KHO TSHUAB: Cov ntawv sau tsis tau nruab rau hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lossis tsis ruaj khov kuj yuav raug kev txom nyem thiab kua muag, ua rau muaj kev sib tw luv luv.
Kev ua cev tub: Hnub ci cables nyob rau hauv ntug hiav txwv cheeb tsam lossis raug rau noo noo kuj corrode raws sijhawm yog tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kom zoo.
Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Nyab Xeeb: Cov kev sib txuas tsis raug, raug tus tuav haujlwm, lossis cov rwb thaiv tsev yuam kev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj xwm txheej hluav taws xob, suav nrog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, suav nrog hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws.
Los ntawm kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lub hnub ci teeb tsa, cov kev pheej hmoo no tuaj yeem txo tau kev nyab xeeb, ntau cov hnub ci hluav taws xob.
2. Cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb los xyuas cov installation zoo ntawmHnub ci cables
Hauv qab no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem teeb tsa uas yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam kom muaj kev ua tau zoo thiab kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub hnub ci cables.
2.1 Pom Kev Pom Zoo
Thawj kauj ruam hauv kev ntsuas kev teeb tsa zoo ntawm lub hnub ci cables yog los ua ib qho kev tshuaj xyuas kom huv. Qhov no yuav pab txheeb xyuas cov teeb meem pom tseeb uas yuav cuam tshuam rau lub sijhawm ntev ntawm cov cables.
Cable Mob: Tshuaj xyuas tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub hnub ci rau txhua qhov pom ntawm kev puas tsuaj, xws li kev txiav, cais nyob rau hauv lub rwb thaiv tsev. Xyuas kom meej tias cov rwb thaiv tsev yog lawm thiab tsis tau muaj kev cuam tshuam thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa.
Cable ncig: Txheeb xyuas tias cov cables tau nyob rau hauv ib tug yam uas zam kom ntse, kinks, lossis cov chaw kaw. Xyuas kom meej tias cov cables tsis ncab los yog nyob rau hauv nro, vim qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau lub rwb thaiv tsev thiab ua kom sov.
Kev tshem tawm thiab kev txhawb nqa: Xyuas kom meej tias cov cables yog txaus siab raws li lawv txoj kev, seb lawv puas tau muab tso rau hauv conduit, ntawm cable tais, lossis nyab xeeb nrog cable ties. Cables yuav tsum tau nrawm rau thaum tsis tu ncua los tiv thaiv sagging, rub tawm tsam thaj chaw, lossis raug rau kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev. Tsis tas li, piv txwv tias cov xaim hluav taws xob tau txais cov kev tiv thaiv cua sov, xws li hvac ducts lossis hluav taws xob, kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem kub.
UV Kev Tiv Thaiv: Yog hais tias lub hnub ci clesbles tau nyob rau hauv thaj chaw uas nthuav tawm, tshwj xeeb yog sab nraum zoov, paub meej tias lawv yog UV-resistant. Cables yuav tsum tau ntsuas rau kev siv sab nraum zoov, thiab tso tawm sab nraud ntawm UV kev txo qis (piv txwv li, tawg lossis brittleness).
2.2 Soj ntsuam ntawm cable sib txuas
Tsim nyog muab cable txuas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj hluav taws xob thiab kev ua tau zoo. Cov kev sib txuas tsis zoo tuaj yeem ua rau voltage tee, overheating, thiab muaj kev pheej hmoo hluav taws. Hauv qab no yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas thaum kuaj xyuas cov kev sib txuas cable:
Connector Hom: Xyuas kom meej tias cov kev txuas siv tau tsim los rau cov kev siv hnub ci. Lawv yuav tsum yog huab cua-tiv taus thiab ntsuas rau cov hluav taws xob thiab qib siab tam sim no. Hnub ci clesles feem ntau siv MC4 cov txuas, tab sis lwm hom xws li anderson lossis amphenol connectors kuj tseem siv tau.
Nruj ntawm kev sib txuas: Khij tias tag nrho cov cable sib txuas yog qhov kom nruj. Cov xoob txuas yuav ua rau arcing, uas ua rau kub tsim thiab teeb tsa tsis ua haujlwm. Ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam pom zoo kom ntseeg tau tias kev sib txuas tau kom muaj kev tshem tawm lub sijhawm tab sis tsis nruj li ua rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov txuas.
Waterproofing thiab sealing: Xyuas kom meej tias txhua lub connectors thiab junctions yog waterproofed thiab ntim tau raug. Dej ingress rau hauv kev sib txuas tuaj yeem ua rau corrosion thiab tsis ua tiav ntawm cov cables. Rau sab nraum zoov lub cev, xyuas kom meej tias waterproof hlws ris thawv thiab cov qog siv, thiab paub tseeb tias lawv tau muab khi kom tsis txhob muaj kev npau taws.
Polarity thiab raws theem yog: Hauv DC tshuab, xyuas kom meej tias qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo cov cable txuas nrog lub terminals yog. Tsis yog polarity tuaj yeem ua rau cov txheej txheem ua tsis zoo thiab kev puas tsuaj rau inverter lossis lwm yam. Ib yam li ntawd, rau AC tshuab, kom ntseeg tau tias cov theem yog cov txheeb xyuas kom raug thiab txuas nrog.
2.3 voltage nco tshev
Voltage poob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov cuam tshuam uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub hnub ci zog. Yog tias cov clesles yog ntev dhau los yog dhau nyias nyias vim qhov yuav tsum tau ua, muaj cov hluav taws xob feem ntau poob, uas txo qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov kab ke thiab nce lub zog poob.
Voltage poob kev xam: Txheeb xyuas qhov kev xav tau ntawm voltage poob raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov cables thiab lawv qhov chaw hla (xov tooj). Voltage poob tuaj yeem kwv yees siv cov mis:
Voltage poob =2 × × × i × r / 1000
Qhov twg:
Lll yog qhov ntev ntawm cable (hauv meters),
III yog qhov tam sim no (hauv amperes),
RRR yog qhov tsis kam ntawm cov cable ib meter (Ohms).
Kev ntsuas kev ntsuas: Ua kev sim ntawm lub system voltage ntawm lub ntiaj teb vaj huam sib luag xaus thiab inverter kawg. Qhov sib txawv sib txawv yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj qhov kev ntsuas hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws poob (feem ntau ncig 2-3%). Yog hais tias tus voltage poob yog ntau dhau lawm, nws yuav tsim nyog los txhim kho cov cable mus rau txoj kev loj dua lossis txo qhov ntev ntawm kev khiav.
2.4 rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam kuaj
Cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam ntawm cov xaim yuav tsum raug kuaj kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj xau dab tsi tam sim no uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij hluav taws xob. Ib melohmermeter (rwb thaiv tsev tiv thaiv cov tub luam) feem ntau yog siv los ua qhov kev ntsuas no.
Cov txheej txheem kuaj:
Disconnnect lub hnub ci cable los ntawm tus so ntawm lub system cais lawv los ntawm txhua lub zog.
Siv tus melohmeter ntsuas cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam ntawm tus saib xyuas thiab hauv av. Cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam yuav tsum feem ntau yog ntau dua 20 megaohms rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsawg.
Kev txhais lus txhais lus: Ib qho kev tawm tsam qis tiv thaiv hais tias cov rwb thaiv tsev raug puas tsuaj, uas tuaj yeem ua rau luv luv kev ncig, dej xau, los yog hluav taws xob. Yog tias cov rwb thaiv tsev tsis kam yog tsawg, tshuaj xyuas cov cables rau ib qho kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub cev, kev rov ua tsis zoo, thiab hloov cov kab mob uas puas lawm.
2.5 Thermal Ntsuas
Thermal ua cua yog ib qho cuab yeej muaj zog rau kev ntes cov teeb meem nrog lub hnub ci uas tsis tuaj yeem pom rau qhov muag liab qab. Nws tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thaj chaw uas cov xaim hluav taws xob yuav yog overheating heev, uas feem ntau yog cov cim ntawm cov kev sib txuas tsis zoo lossis ntau dhau tam sim no.
Kev ua: Siv lub koob yees duab thermal los tshawb nrhiav lub nplhaib thiab cov sib txuas thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov dej ntws siab tam sim no, xws li cov thawv hlis, cov txuas cable, thiab cable kev txiav txim siab.
Cov cim ntawm cov teeb meem: Cov pob kub kub rau ntawm cov cables qhia cov teeb meem, xws li xoob sib txuas, cov cable undersized, lossis faulty Cheebtsam. Yog tias cov hotspots raug kuaj pom, ua kom muaj kev tshuaj xyuas ntau dua ntawm thaj chaw cuam tshuam thiab kho cov teeb meem, xws li hloov cov teeb meem lossis hloov cov cable.
2.6 Ntiaj Teb Chaw Kos Duab
Kev cog lus yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub hnub ci zog thiab tiv thaiv nws ntawm cov hluav taws xob ua txhaum. Nco ntsoov tias lub hnub ci cables yog qhov ua tau zoo raws li cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob.
Kev Ntsuam Xyuas Hlau Hlau: Txheeb xyuas cov xaim xaim rau kev txuas ntxiv thiab ua kom zoo rau lub ntiaj teb hauv av. Nco ntsoov tias txhua qhov hlau seem ntawm lub hnub ci ci, inverter, thiab lwm yam system cov khoom siv tau txuas nrog lub hauv paus.
Lub Ntiaj Teb Kuj Xeem Kev Kuaj: Ua lub ntiaj teb tiv thaiv kev siv lub ntiaj teb hauv av tiv thaiv kev sim. Cov tsis kam yuav tsum feem ntau tsawg dua 5 ohms rau kev ua kom tsim nyog.
2.7 Kev Tu Lus Zoo thiab Kev Tshuaj Xyuas
Thaum lub hnub ci cab tau raug teeb tsa thiab tshuaj xyuas, kev saib xyuas thiab kev tshuaj xyuas ib txwm muaj los xyuas kom cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv.
Kev kuaj xyuas ib txwm: Kev tshuaj xyuas txhua xyoo lossis semi txhua xyoo ntawm lub hnub ci ntawm kev hnav thiab kua muag, corrosion, lossis kev puas tsuaj rau txuas. Them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau thaj chaw uas tau raug cov kab, xws li cov thawv hlws ris, lub tais loj me, thiab cable cable.
Ntxuav: Xyuas kom meej tias cov cable thiab cov txuas yog pub dawb los ntawm av, khib nyiab, lossis corrosion uas yuav cuam tshuam lawv qhov kev ua tau zoo. Siv daim ntaub mos muag lossis txhuam los ntxuav cov kab cables, thiab zam kev siv cov khoom muaj kuab lom lossis cov khoom muaj abrasive uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub rwb thaiv tsev.