Raws li lub ntiaj teb txav mus rau qhov chaw siv hluav taws xob tauj dua tshiab, lub hnub ci zog tau dhau los ua ib qho kev xaiv rau kev tsim hluav taws xob huv. Photovoltaic (PV) tshuab siv lub hnub ci zog siv lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, thiab cov tshuab no xav tau ntau yam khoom siv kom ua haujlwm tau zoo. Ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv PV system yog cov hnub ci cables, uas txuas cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, xws li inverters, roj teeb, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov kab hluav taws xob no yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tuav tau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab uas tsim los ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab siv hluav taws xob zoo.
Ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub hnub ci cables yog lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob, uas txiav txim siab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub cable tuaj yeem ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb. Cov cuab yeej no yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias cov cables nyob ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov hauv lub hnub ci zog. Hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog lub tswv yim ntawm kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob hauv cov hnub ci hluav taws xob, nws cuam tshuam li cas rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tshuab photovoltaic, thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv cov hnub ci cables raws li lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob.
Voltage Resistance yog dab tsi?
Voltage resistance yog hais txog lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom siv, xws li lub hnub ci cable, kom tiv taus qhov muaj hluav taws xob tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub hnub ci cables, qhov no txhais tau hais tias qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm hluav taws xob voltage lub cable yuav nqa tau yam tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm rwb thaiv tsev tsis ua hauj lwm, tawg ntawm conductors, los yog luv luv-circuiting.
Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob zoo sib xws nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob cable, uas ua raws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov hluav taws xob tam sim no thiab ib puag ncig. Qhov zoo, tuab, thiab hom rwb thaiv tsev txiav txim siab seb lub cable tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov voltage nws raug.
Hauv ibphotovoltaic system, cov cables yog siv los nqa ncaj qha tam sim no (DC) los ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag mus rau lub inverter, qhov twg nws hloov mus rau alternating tam sim no (AC). Txij li cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tsim hluav taws xob siab, hnub ci cables yuav tsum tau tsim los tswj qhov hluav taws xob no yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj kev ncaj ncees. Yog li ntawd, voltage kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb specification thaum xaiv hnub ci cables rau ib qho kev installation.
Lub luag haujlwm ntawm Voltage Resistance hauvHnub ci Cables
Nyob rau hauv photovoltaic systems, cov cables yuav tsum muaj peev xwm tiv tsis tau tsuas yog kev khiav hauj lwm voltage ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm voltage surges los ntawm ib puag ncig yam, system faults, los yog hluav taws xob transients. Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim vim yog xob laim, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, lossis lwm yam kev cuam tshuam, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau hluav taws xob kev ncaj ncees ntawm lub kaw lus yog tias cov cables tsis raug ntsuas rau cov xwm txheej zoo li no.
1. Nominal Voltage Rating ntawm Solar Cables
Lub nominal voltage ntsuam xyuas ntawm ib lub hnub ci cable yog qhov siab tshaj plaws nruam voltage lub cable yuav xyuam xim nqa thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm. Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob yog txiav txim siab los ntawm hom khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev siv thiab nws lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv qhov hluav taws xob tsis tawg. Hnub ci cables feem ntau tuaj nrog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm:
600V DC fais fab mov: Haum rau thaj chaw hnub ci nrog cov teeb tsa hluav taws xob qis. Cov kab hluav taws xob no yog siv rau hauv cov tshuab nrog cov vaj huam sib luag me me lossis cov uas tsis pub tshaj qhov kev siv hluav taws xob hauv tsev.
1000V DC fais fab mov: Ntau dua nyob rau hauv nruab nrab hnub ci kev teeb tsa, qhov twg qhov yuav tsum tau muaj hluav taws xob ntau dua. Cov kab hluav taws xob no tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hluav taws xob ntau dua thiab tsim nyog rau cov tshuab nrog ntau lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag.
1500V DC fais fab mov: Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob siab tshaj plaws siv hauv kev lag luam loj lossis kev siv hluav taws xob-teev hnub ci kev teeb tsa. Cov kab hluav taws xob no tau tsim los tswj cov kev xav tau tshaj plaws, qhov twg hnub ci arrays tsim cov hluav taws xob siab.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom phim qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm cov cables nrog kev ua haujlwm voltage ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag. Kev siv cov kab hluav taws xob uas muaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntau dua li qhov xav tau tuaj yeem ntxiv cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb ntxiv, tab sis kev siv cov cables nrog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob tsis txaus tuaj yeem ua rau cov rwb thaiv tsev tawg, kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb, thiab qhov kawg ntawm lub cev tsis ua haujlwm.
2. Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev thiab lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau qhov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv
Cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev siv nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci cables ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab qhov hluav taws xob tsis zoo ntawm cable. Cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txawv, uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cable lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv high voltages. Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev feem ntau siv hauv cov hnub ci cables suav nrog:
Hla-Txuas Polyethylene (XLPE): XLPE yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrov rau cov hnub ci hluav taws xob vim nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo heev, kub tsis kam, thiab ua haujlwm ntev. Nws muaj peev xwm tiv taus high voltages thiab feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv hnub ci cables nyob rau 1000V DC thiab 1500V DC systems. XLPE kuj tseem tiv taus ib puag ncig xws li UV hluav taws xob, ozone, thiab noo noo, ua rau nws zoo tagnrho rau kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov.
Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPE): TPE yog lwm yam khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev rau hnub ci cables. TPE muaj qhov yoog raws, UV tsis kam, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub hnub ci cables tsim rau sab nraum zoov daim ntaub ntawv uas yooj thiab durability yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Thaum TPE tej zaum yuav tsis muaj qhov kub-kub zoo ib yam li XLPE, nws tseem tsim nyog rau ntau lub tsev nyob thiab lub teeb lag luam hnub ci.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): PVC yog siv rau hauv qee qhov kev siv hluav taws xob hnub ci, tab sis nws feem ntau tsis ruaj khov li XLPE lossis TPE nyob rau hauv huab cua. Thaum PVC tuaj yeem tswj cov kev ntsuas qis qis, nws feem ntau tsis pom zoo rau cov ntawv thov hnub ci siab xws li 1500V DC systems vim nws qhov muaj peev xwm tiv taus hluav taws xob tsawg.
Cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau qhov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv ntawm cable tab sis kuj cuam tshuam rau lwm yam tseem ceeb, xws li UV tsis kam, kub kam rau siab, thiab tag nrho cov kav ntev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv ib lub hnub ci cable nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev tsim nyog raws li cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig thiab cov kev xav tau ntawm qhov hluav taws xob photovoltaic system.
3. Surge Protection thiab Overvoltage Considerations
Ntxiv rau qhov nominal kev khiav hauj lwm voltage, voltage surges yog lwm yam uas cuam tshuam lub voltage kuj ntawm hnub ci cables. Ib qho hluav taws xob hluav taws xob tshwm sim thaum muaj qhov hluav taws xob tam sim ntawd, feem ntau vim yog xob laim, hluav taws xob tsis raug cai, lossis lwm yam kev cuam tshuam hauv hluav taws xob. Cov surges no tuaj yeem tshaj qhov ntsuas nominal voltage ntawm cov cables thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj yog tias cov cables tsis tsim los tiv thaiv lawv.
Txhawm rau suav rau cov surges no, ntau lub hnub ci cables tau tsim nrog kev tiv thaiv ntxiv tiv thaiv overvoltage tej yam kev mob. Qhov no tuaj yeem suav nrog:
Surge Protection Devices (SPDs): SPDs feem ntau ntsia tau rau hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic los tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob. Cov khoom siv no cuam tshuam qhov hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ntawm cov khoom rhiab heev, suav nrog cov kab hluav taws xob, thiab pab tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau.
Kev tsim kho thiab txheej txheej: Cov kab hluav taws xob hnub ci tsim los tswj cov qib hluav taws xob ntau dua feem ntau muaj ntau txheej txheej rwb thaiv tsev los muab kev tiv thaiv ntxiv tiv thaiv qhov hluav taws xob surges. Cov kab hluav taws xob no kuj tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog cov hlau thaiv hlau lossis lwm cov txheej tiv thaiv los txhim kho lawv lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv overvoltage.
4. Kub Resistance thiab Voltage Rating
Qhov kub tsis kam ntawm hnub ci cables kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev txiav txim siab lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv tag nrho. Thaum cov kab hluav taws xob raug kub hnyiab, cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem degrade, txo nws lub peev xwm los tiv thaiv high voltages. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv cov cables uas muaj qhov ntsuas kub txaus los tswj qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm lub hnub ci.
XLPE cables feem ntau muaj qhov kub thiab txias, feem ntau ntsuas rau kev siv nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias xws li -40 degree mus rau +90 degree lossis siab dua.
TPE cables, thaum hloov tau, tej zaum yuav muaj qhov ntsuas kub me ntsis, tab sis lawv tseem tsim nyog rau ntau yam ntawm ib puag ncig.
Rau cov cheeb tsam uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv los yog kub ambient kub, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv cov cables uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lawv qhov voltage. Cables uas degrade vim kub siab yuav raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm rwb thaiv tsev, uas tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws xob tsis zoo los yog hluav taws kub.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv cov hnub ci Cables raws li qhov Voltage Resistance
Xaiv qhov tsim nyog lub hnub ci cable raws li qhov kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog ntau yam, suav nrog:
1. Qhov System Voltage Requirements
Rau cov tsev nyob, 600V DC hnub ci cables feem ntau txaus.
Rau cov tshuab loj, xws li kev lag luam lossis kev lag luam, 1000V DC lossis 1500V DC hnub ci cables yuav tsum tau.
Nco ntsoov xyuas kom meej tias cov kab hluav taws xob qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob sib tw lossis tshaj qhov kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub hnub ci.
2. Ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob
Xav txog yam xws li qhov kub thiab txias, tiv thaiv UV, tiv thaiv ya raws, thiab kev puas tsuaj thaum xaiv cov cables. Cov xwm txheej no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cable lub zog tiv thaiv thiab kev ua haujlwm tag nrho.
3. Cable Insulation Khoom
Xaiv cov cables nrog cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev tsim nyog (xws li XLPE rau qhov hluav taws xob siab, qhov kub thiab txias).
Xyuas kom cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev yog UV-resistant, noo noo-resistant, thiab muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb rau koj lub installation.
4. Surge Protection thiab Overvoltage Considerations
Xav txog kev sib koom ua ke surge tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej (SPDs) rau hauv koj lub cev los tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob uas tshaj qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob nominal ntawm cov cables.
Xaiv cov cables nrog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv overvoltage yog tias koj xav tias yuav muaj kev nce siab ntau.