Raws li qhov kev thov rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv, lub hnub ci hluav taws xob tau dhau los ua ib qho kev nyiam tshaj plaws thiab siv tau rau cov tswv tsev, cov lag luam, thiab txawm tias tag nrho cov zej zog. Lub hnub ci hluav taws xob muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig, los ntawm kev txo cov nqi hluav taws xob kom txo koj cov pa roj carbon hneev taw. Txawm li cas los xij, ib qho ntawm cov lus nug tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los teb ua ntej hloov mus rau hnub ci yog: Kuv xav tau pes tsawg watts ntawm hnub ci?
Cov lus teb rau lo lus nug no nyob ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog koj lub zog noj, kev ua haujlwm ntawm kojhnub ci vaj huam sib luag, koj qhov chaw nyob, thiab qhov loj ntawm koj lub ru tsev. Hauv phau ntawv qhia no, peb yuav tshawb xyuas seb yuav txiav txim siab pes tsawg watts ntawm lub hnub ci koj xav tau rau koj lub tsev lossis kev lag luam, hnub ci cables thiab xov hlau tuaj yeem ua si, thiab cov khoom siv ntawm lub hnub ci zog ua haujlwm li cas kom tau raws li koj cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog. .
Kev nkag siabHnub ci zog thiab Watts
Ua ntej peb dhia mus rau hauv kev txiav txim siab pes tsawg watts ntawm hnub ci koj xav tau, cia peb rhuav tshem qhov "watts" txhais li cas hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub hnub ci zog.
Watt (W) yog ib chav tsev ntawm lub zog uas ntsuas tus nqi ntawm lub zog siv los yog tsim tawm.
Kilowatt (kW) yog 1, 000 watts. Hnub ci tshuab feem ntau yog ntsuas hauv kilowatts vim tias lawv tsim muaj zog ntau dua li ib tus neeg watts.
Kilowatt-Hour (kWh) yog ib chav tsev ntawm lub zog. Nws ntsuas ntau npaum li cas koj siv los yog tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm. Piv txwv li, yog tias 1 kW hnub ci system khiav rau ib teev, nws tsim 1 kWh ntawm hluav taws xob.
Thaum txiav txim siab ntau npaum li cas watts ntawm hnub ci koj xav tau, koj yuav tsum tau sim seb pes tsawg kilowatts (kW) koj lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum tau ntsuas los tsim kom tau raws li koj lub zog noj.
Tej yam yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum txiav txim siab hnub ci Wattage xav tau
Tus naj npawb ntawm watts ntawm hnub ci koj xav tau rau koj lub tsev lossis kev lag luam yog cuam tshuam los ntawm ntau yam tseem ceeb. Cia peb hla lawv hauv kev nthuav dav.
1. Koj lub zog siv (kWh)
Thawj kauj ruam hauv kev txiav txim siab pes tsawg watts ntawm hnub ci koj xav tau yog kom nkag siab koj lub zog siv. Saib ntawm koj daim nqi hluav taws xob kom pom tias koj siv pes tsawg kilowatt-teev (kWh) koj siv txhua hli lossis txhua xyoo. Piv txwv li:
Ib lub tsev nyob hauv Asmeskas siv li ntawm 900-1,100 kWh ib hlis.
Hauv Tebchaws Europe, tus lej no yuav nyob ze rau 300-400 kWh ib hlis rau ib tsev neeg nruab nrab.
Yog tias koj xav kom koj lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag los npog tag nrho koj cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog, koj yuav tsum tsim kom muaj lub zog uas tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj tib lub zog uas koj haus. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias kev tsim hluav taws xob hnub ci sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov chaw, lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo, thiab lwm yam, yog li qee tsev neeg xaiv lub tshuab loj me me kom ntseeg tau tias lawv tuaj yeem ua tau raws li lawv lub zog xav tau txhua xyoo.
2. Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag Efficiency thiab tso zis
Tsis yog txhua lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yog tsim sib npaug. Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag efficiency hais txog feem pua ntawm hnub ci uas lub vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem hloov mus ua hluav taws xob siv tau. Qhov no cuam tshuam ntau npaum li cas panels koj yuav xav tau kom tau raws li koj lub zog siv.
Monocrystalline panels, piv txwv li, paub txog lawv cov kev ua tau zoo dua, xws li 18% mus rau 22%. Qhov no txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem tsim hluav taws xob ntau dua ib square meter.
Polycrystalline panels muaj qhov ua haujlwm qis dua, feem ntau nyob ib puag ncig 15% txog 18%.
Nyias-film panels yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws, nrog kev ua tau zoo ntawm 10% thiab 13%.
Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm koj lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yuav cuam tshuam qhov chaw yuav tsum tau ua rau kev teeb tsa thiab pes tsawg lub vaj huam sib luag koj xav tau kom tau raws li koj qhov kev xav tau hluav taws xob.
3. Qhov chaw thiab hnub ci irradiance
Koj qhov chaw nyob thaj chaw ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txiav txim siab ntau npaum li cas hnub ci koj tuaj yeem tsim tau. Hnub ci irradiance, lub hnub ci npaum li cas mus txog koj qhov chaw, nws txawv nyob ntawm seb koj nyob qhov twg.
Cov cheeb tsam ze rau ntawm txoj kab nruab nrab feem ntau tau txais lub hnub ci ntau dua thiab yog li tsim lub hnub ci zog ntau dua.
Cov cheeb tsam sab qaum teb lossis sab qab teb nrog cov kab latitudes siab dua yuav tau txais hluav taws xob tsawg dua hnub ci, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no.
Feem ntau, lub hnub ci ntau dua koj tau txais, cov vaj huam sib luag tsawg dua koj yuav tsum tau tsim kom muaj zog tib yam. Hauv thaj chaw uas muaj hnub ci ntau, koj tsuas yog xav tau 4-5 kW system kom tau raws li koj qhov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj tshav ntuj, yuav tsum muaj ib tug loj system.
4. Roof Space thiab Orientation
Tus nqi ntawm qhov chaw muaj lub ru tsev thiab kev taw qhia ntawm koj lub ru tsev yuav cuam tshuam rau ntau npaum li cas hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem nruab thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo npaum li cas.
Qhov chaw ru tsev: Txhua lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum nyob ib ncig ntawm 15-20 square feet (1.4-1.8 square meters). Ib qho 5 kW system feem ntau xav tau txog 250-350 square feet ntawm qhov chaw ru tsev, nyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm vaj huam sib luag.
Ru tsev orientation: Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag yuav tsum tig mus rau sab qab teb (nyob rau sab qaum teb Hemisphere) lossis sab qaum teb (nyob rau sab qab teb Hemisphere) kom ntes tau lub hnub ci siab tshaj plaws. Lub qaij ntawm lub ru tsev kuj plays lub luag hauj lwm ntawm efficiency; a 30-40 degree qaij feem ntau suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev teeb tsa lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag.
Yog tias koj muaj qhov txwv lub ru tsev lossis lub ru tsev tsis zoo, koj yuav tsum tau ntsuas koj lub kaw lus lossis nruab cov vaj huam sib luag zoo dua.
5. System Losses thiab Efficiency
Thaum lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag lawv tus kheej yog qhov tseem ceeb, ib txwm muaj qee qhov kev poob hauv lub cev vim muaj ntau yam, xws li kev xaim, shading, inverter efficiency, thiab lwm yam. Hauv kev xyaum, feem ntau lub hnub ci ua haujlwm ntawm kwv yees li 80-90% kev ua haujlwm vim yog qhov poob.
Koj yuav tsum suav rau cov kev poob no thaum tsim koj qhov system. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj lub zog siv hluav taws xob txhua hli yog 800 kWh, koj tuaj yeem xav kom loj koj lub cev kom tsim tau ib puag ncig 900 kWh kom ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo.
Yuav xam pes tsawg Watts ntawm hnub ci koj xav tau
Tam sim no peb tau npog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam rau lub hnub ci hluav taws xob, cia peb taug kev los ntawm cov kauj ruam los xam seb muaj pes tsawg lub hnub ci koj xav tau.
Kauj ruam 1:Xam koj qhov kev siv zog txhua hli lossis ib xyoos
Pib los ntawm kev txheeb xyuas koj daim nqi hluav taws xob los txiav txim siab seb koj siv zog npaum li cas. Piv txwv li:
Yog tias koj noj txhua hli yog 1, 000 kWh, koj qhov kev siv txhua xyoo yuav yog 12, 000 kWh.
Kauj ruam 2:Txiav txim siab hnub ci tso tawm ib lub vaj huam sib luag
Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog los txiav txim siab npaum li cas lub zog txhua lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag tsim. Ib qho qauv 300-watt vaj huam sib luag, piv txwv li, tsim tawm kwv yees li 1.
Yog tias koj nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam uas tau txais ib puag ncig 5 teev ntawm lub hnub ci siab tshaj plaws hauv ib hnub, lub vaj huam sib luag 300-watt yuav tsim hluav taws xob 1.5 kWh txhua hnub (300 watts x 5 teev=1,500 watt-teev lossis 1.5 kWh).
Nyob rau hauv ib lub xyoo, lub vaj huam sib luag no yuav tsim tau txog 547.5 kWh ntawm hluav taws xob (1.5 kWh x 365 hnub).
Kauj Ruam 3:Xam qhov System Size
Txhawm rau txiav txim siab pes tsawg watts ntawm hnub ci koj xav tau, faib koj lub zog tag nrho txhua xyoo los ntawm kev kwv yees cov zis ntawm ib lub vaj huam sib luag.
Piv txwv li, yog tias koj noj txhua xyoo yog 12, 000 kWh, thiab txhua 300- watt vaj huam sib luag tsim muaj kwv yees li 547.5 kWh ib xyoos twg, koj yuav xav tau txog 22 panels (12, 000 kWh ÷ 547.5 kWh/ vaj huam sib luag ≈ 21.9 panels).
Nrog rau txhua lub vaj huam sib luag yog 300 watts, koj lub kaw lus yuav muaj tag nrho cov zis ntawm 6.6 kW (22 panels x 300 watts=6, 600 watts lossis 6.6 kW).
Kauj Ruam 4:Account rau System Losses
Txij li lub hnub ci tshuab feem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm {{0}}% kev ua haujlwm, koj yuav tsum kho koj lub cev loj raws li. Rau ib qho kev ua haujlwm ntawm 85% kev ua haujlwm, koj yuav muab qhov system loj los ntawm 1.18 (1 ÷ 0.85).
6.6 kW x 1 {3}}.8 kW.
Yog li, 7.8 kW system yuav yog lub hom phiaj zoo los xyuas kom meej tias koj tuaj yeem ua tau raws li koj cov kev xav tau ntawm lub zog.
Solar Cables thiab Hlau: Ua kom muaj zog xa khoom zoo
Thaum txiav txim siab pes tsawg watts ntawm hnub ci koj xav tau yog qhov tseem ceeb, qhov zoo thiab kev teeb tsa ntawm cov hnub ci hluav taws xob thiab cov xov hluav taws xob hnub ci tseem ceeb sib npaug. Cov khoom no yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev nyab xeeb thauj cov hluav taws xob tsim los ntawm koj lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag rau koj lub inverter thiab thaum kawg rau koj lub tsev lossis kev lag luam.
1. Solar Cables thiab Hlau: Ib qho Kev Pom Zoo
Hnub ci cables yog cov tshwj xeeb cables tsim los tswj lub siab tam sim no thiab voltage generated los ntawm hnub ci panels. Lawv feem ntau yog ua los ntawm tooj liab lossis txhuas thiab insulated nrog UV-resistant, weatherproof cov ntaub ntawv los xyuas kom meej tias lawv tuaj yeem tiv taus sab nraum zoov.
Hnub ci xov hlau yog cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv cov kab hluav taws xob uas nqa cov hluav taws xob tam sim no. Lawv yuav tsum muaj qhov loj me kom tswj tau qhov kev cia siab uas tsis ua rau muaj cua sov lossis lub zog poob.
2. Xaiv qhov loj me rau hnub ci cables thiab xaim
Xaiv qhov loj me rau koj lub hnub ci cables thiab cov xov hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom zoo tshaj plaws. Cables uas nyias dhau heev lawm yuav ua rau muaj hluav taws xob ntau dhau thiab lub zog poob, thaum cov cables uas tuab heev tuaj yeem ua rau tus nqi tsis tsim nyog.
Nov yog qee qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb:
Lub peev xwm nqa tam sim no: Qhov ntsuas ntawm koj cov xov hlau yuav tsum ua raws li qhov xav tau tam sim no ntws. Piv txwv li, 6 kW system feem ntau yuav xav tau cov kab hluav taws xob ntsuas rau 10-12 amps.
Voltage poob: Txhawm rau txo qhov poob qis, cov kab hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua kom haum rau qhov kev ncua deb ntawm koj lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag thiab lub inverter. Ib qho hluav taws xob poob qis dua 3% feem ntau pom zoo.
Kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig: Xyuas kom meej tias koj cov cables raug ntsuas rau qhov chaw sab nraum zoov thiab raug UV, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj nyob hauv thaj chaw uas muaj huab cua hnyav.