Photovoltaic (PV) yog lub tshuab hluav taws xob ntsuab uas hloov lub hnub ci zog rau hauv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm ib puag ncig kev paub thiab kev xav tau ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab, ntau thiab ntau lub tsev thiab cov lag luam tau pib nruab cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic los txo cov pa roj carbon emissions thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum txhim kho lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xaiv cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv zoo, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hnub ci cables. Kab lus no yuav qhia meej txog yuav ua li cas xaiv lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic, thiab tsom mus rau cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv cov hnub ci cables.
1. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm aphotovoltaic system
Lub photovoltaic system feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov hauv qab no tseem ceeb:
Hnub ci vaj huam sib luag (photovoltaic modules): hloov lub hnub ci mus rau tam sim no ncaj qha (DC).
Inverter:converts DC rau hauv alternating tam sim no (AC) siv nyob rau hauv tsev los yog coj mus muag khoom.
Bracket system:txhawb thiab kho cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag kom ntseeg tau tias lawv ntes lub hnub ci ntawm lub kaum sab xis zoo tshaj plaws.
Hnub ci cables:cables uas txuas ntau yam khoom thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa hluav taws xob.
Cov thawv ntim khoom thiab cov khoom siv tiv thaiv: siv los tswj cov khoom siv tam sim no thiab tiv thaiv qhov system ntawm overload lossis luv Circuit Court.
Ntawm cov khoom no, cov hnub ci cables, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb txuas hauv kev xa hluav taws xob, cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub cev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xaiv txoj cai photovoltaic cable.
2. Yam yuav tsum tau xav txog thaum xaiv PV system
2.1 Lub zog xav tau
Thaum xaiv PV system, koj thawj zaug yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm koj lub tsev lossis kev lag luam. Qhov no yuav pab koj xam cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag uas koj xav tau, lub peev xwm ntawm lub inverter, thiab qhov loj ntawm PV cables. Feem ntau, qhov loj ntawm lub kaw lus yog kwv yees los ntawm kev suav cov kev siv hluav taws xob (hauv kilowatt-teev, kWh). Piv txwv li, yog tias ib tsev neeg siv 10kWh ntawm hluav taws xob ib hnub twg, PV system yuav tsum muaj lub peev xwm tsim hluav taws xob tsawg kawg raws li qhov kev thov no.
2.2 Geographic qhov chaw thiab ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm PV system yog ze ze rau thaj chaw thaj chaw thiab ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj teeb pom kev zoo, lub zog tsim hluav taws xob ntawm PV systems yog siab dua, yog li cov tshuab me me tuaj yeem xaiv tau, thaum thaj chaw uas muaj teeb pom kev zoo yuav tsum muaj zog ntau dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib puag ncig ib puag ncig (xws li kub, av noo, cua ceev, thiab lwm yam) tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm PV systems, yog li thaum xaiv PV system, koj yuav tsum nkag siab txog huab cua hauv zos.
2.3 System installation hom
Muaj ntau hom PV systems, feem ntau yog ru tsev installation thiab hauv av installation. Kev teeb tsa lub ru tsev feem ntau haum rau cov tsev uas muaj qhov chaw tsawg, thaum lub hauv paus installation yog tsim rau cov chaw uas muaj qhov qhib loj. Ntau hom kev teeb tsa yuav cuam tshuam rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub kaw lus thiab xaiv PV cables. Piv txwv li, kev teeb tsa lub ru tsev feem ntau xav tau cov kab hluav taws xob luv dua, thaum kev teeb tsa hauv av yuav xav tau cov kab txuas ntev dua los txuas cov khoom.
2.4 Lub Sijhawm Nyiaj Txiag thiab Them Rov Qab
Thaum xaiv PV system, koj kuj yuav tsum tau ua lag luam tawm raws li koj cov peev nyiaj. Kev nqis peev thawj zaug hauv PV system yog siab, tab sis raws li lub zog tsim hluav taws xob ntau xyoo dhau los, nws tuaj yeem txuag tau cov nqi hluav taws xob thiab txo qis carbon emissions. Nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab qhov zoo ntawm qhov system, lub sijhawm them rov qab feem ntau yog 5 txog 10 xyoo. Yog li ntawd, thaum xaiv PV system, koj yuav tsum xav txog qhov pib peev, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev saib xyuas, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov system.
3. Kev xaiv ntawmhnub ci cables
Hnub ci cables yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm PV system. Lawv yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa cov hluav taws xob uas tsim los ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag mus rau lub inverter, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm inverter mus rau daim phiaj lossis cov khoom thauj khoom. Yog li ntawd, xaiv txoj cai cable tsis tau tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub cev, tab sis kuj txhim kho kev nyab xeeb thiab txuas ntxiv lub neej kev pab cuam.
3.1 Main hom hnub ci cables
Cov cables siv hauv PV systems feem ntau muab faib ua ob hom:
Direct tam sim no cable (DC cable):lub luag hauj lwm rau kev txuas lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag rau inverter thiab xa ncaj qha tam sim no. Qhov hluav taws xob ntawm DC cable feem ntau yog siab dua, yog li cov kab hluav taws xob tiv thaiv thiab kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau lav.
AC cable (AC cable):lub luag hauj lwm rau kev txuas lub inverter mus rau daim phiaj los yog load thiab xa AC zog. Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm AC cable raug xaiv raws li qhov xav tau ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm daim phiaj.
Ntxiv nrog rau ob hom cables no, kuj tseem muaj qee qhov tshwj xeeb cables, xws li cov cables rau kev sib txuas cov roj teeb lub zog cia, los yog cov cables rau kev sib txuas photovoltaic arrays.
3.2 Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov hnub ci cables
Thaum xaiv cov kab hluav taws xob hnub ci, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
3.2.1 Rated voltage ntawm cable
Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm lub cable yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li kev ua haujlwm voltage ntawm photovoltaic system. Feem ntau, DC qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic siab (xws li 600V, 1000V lossis 1500V), yog li lub cable yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob txaus kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov kab hluav taws xob lossis hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntau dhau.
3.2.2 Hla-seem cheeb tsam ntawm lub cable
Qhov chaw hla ntawm lub cable txiav txim siab nws lub peev xwm nqa tam sim no. Nyob rau hauv lub photovoltaic system, qhov loj ntawm qhov tam sim no nyob ntawm lub zog tsim muaj peev xwm ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag thiab qhov sib kis ntawm cable. Feem ntau, cov tshuab uas muaj qhov loj dua tam sim no yuav tsum xaiv cov kab hluav taws xob uas muaj cov kab sib txuas loj dua kom txo tau qhov hluav taws xob poob thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm. Cov cheeb tsam sib txawv yog 2.5mm², 4mm², 6mm², thiab lwm yam.
3.2.3 Cov khoom siv cable
Feem ntau muaj ob txoj kev xaiv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm photovoltaic cables: tooj liab thiab txhuas. Copper cables muaj cov conductivity zoo dua li txhuas cables, yog li lawv feem ntau muaj qhov chaw me me dua li cov kab hluav taws xob txhuas hauv tib lub sijhawm tam sim no. Txawm li cas los xij, tooj liab cables yog kim dua thiab muaj ntau dua kev txhim kho thiab kho cov nqi. Aluminium cables yog sib dua thiab tsis tshua muaj nqi, tab sis vim tsis zoo conductivity, yuav tsum tau ib tug loj hla-sectional cheeb tsam.
3.2.4 Cable rwb thaiv tsev khoom
Cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev ntawm lub hnub ci cables yuav tsum muaj huab cua zoo, tiv thaiv UV thiab kub tsis kam. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hnub ci hluav taws xob muaj xws li polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ** cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis qis-halogen (LSZH) **. Ntawm lawv, cross-linked polyethylene yog ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob photovoltaic cable rwb thaiv tsev, uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis kam tiv thaiv corrosion, thiab yog qhov haum rau siv sab nraum zoov.
3.2.5 Cable tiv thaiv qib
Kev tiv thaiv kab mob qib txiav txim siab seb nws puas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ib puag ncig sib txawv. Cov qib kev tiv thaiv feem ntau yog IP67 thiab IP68, uas qhia txog lub peev xwm tsis muaj dej thiab plua plav ntawm cov kab hauv qab tshwj xeeb. Rau cov kab hluav taws xob hnub ci tau teeb tsa sab nraum zoov, feem ntau yog tsim nyog los xaiv cov kab hluav taws xob nrog qib siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv kom ntseeg tau tias lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm cov cables.
3.3 Yuav ua li cas xaiv txoj cai cable
Thaum xaiv qhov tsim nyog photovoltaic cable, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua ntej:
Tam sim no load thiab voltage yuav tsum:Raws li kev ua haujlwm tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic, xaiv cov kab hluav taws xob uas tsim nyog rau qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob thiab lub peev xwm nqa tam sim no.
Environmental tej yam kev mob:Xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog cable thiab cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev raws li kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov chaw teeb tsa. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj kub los yog high humidity, cables nrog kub thiab noo noo kuj yuav tsum tau xaiv.
Cable ntev:Qhov ntev ntawm lub cable ntev, qhov ntau dua qhov voltage poob, yog li nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau xaiv ib lub cable nrog rau qhov loj ntawm qhov chaw hla ntu kom txo qhov poob.
4. Kev ceev faj hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm cov tshuab photovoltaic
Thaum lub sij hawm installation ntawm photovoltaic systems, ntxiv rau kev xaiv cov cables tsim nyog, muaj qee qhov kev ceev faj rau:
Kev cai cable routing:Xyuas kom meej tias cov cables raug xa mus raws li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb kom tsis txhob muaj kev khoov ntau dhau lossis kev puas tsuaj rau cov cables.
Tsis txhob ntev ntev cables:Cables uas ntev dhau lawm yuav ua rau kom lub zog poob, yog li thaum xaiv cov cables, qhov ntev ntawm cov cables yuav tsum raug txo kom tsawg.
Txheeb xyuas cov kab hluav taws xob tsis tu ncua:Tshawb xyuas cov rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov ntsiab lus sib txuas ntawm cov cables tsis tu ncua kom tsis txhob muaj kev laus, kev puas tsuaj los yog xoob, thiab ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov ntawm lub kaw lus.