Raws li lub ntiaj teb kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob txuas ntxiv mus, kev lag luam photovoltaic (PV) tau nce mus rau hauv cov kev siv thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab kev siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag thiab optimizing hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob. Kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic tau dhau los ua ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho lub zog ntsuab thoob ntiaj teb. Nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis tas li, kev ua tau zoo, kev ua tau zoo thiab kev cia siab tag nrho ntawm cov tshuab photovoltaic tau txhim kho zoo.
Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav qhia txog cov kev tsim kho tshiab tshaj plaws hauv photovoltaic panels thiab hnub ci cables hauv xyoo 2024. Tsom rau kev tshuaj xyuas cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, kev txhim kho lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, thiab yuav ua li cas txhawm rau txhim kho kev xaiv cov hnub ci cables hauv lub kaw lus txhawm rau txhim kho tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm photovoltaic zog tsim system.
1. Tshiab photovoltaic vaj huam sib luag technology
Xyoo 2024, photovoltaic vaj huam sib luag thev naus laus zis tab tom txhim kho mus rau kev ua tau zoo dua, lub neej ntev dua thiab tus nqi qis dua. Cov hauv qab no yog ob peb yam tshiab photovoltaic vaj huam sib luag technologies uas tau maj mam siv nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam:
1.1 Perovskite solar cells
Perovskite Solar Cells yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm photovoltaic thev naus laus zis hauv xyoo tas los no. Tsis zoo li niaj hnub silicon-raws li hnub ci hlwb, perovskite hnub ci hlwb muaj zog dua hloov dua siab tshiab thiab txo cov nqi tsim khoom. Qhov no ua rau perovskite thev naus laus zis suav tias yog ib qho kev cuam tshuam kev tsim kho tshiab hauv photovoltaic technology yav tom ntej.
High efficiency:Perovskite cov ntaub ntawv muaj lub zog nqus lub teeb muaj peev xwm thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv photoelectric siab ntawm cov qib thinner. Xyoo 2024, kev hloov pauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm perovskite hlwb yuav nyob ze rau 30%, ze rau qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm silicon-based hlwb.
Tus nqi qis:Perovskite hlwb yog tus nqi qis rau kev tsim khoom, feem ntau yog vim lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yooj yim thiab muaj peev xwm ua tiav ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ua rau lawv muaj zog sib tw los hloov cov silicon solar cell.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev lag luam ntawm cov hlwb perovskite tseem ntsib cov teeb meem, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom ruaj khov thiab cov khoom loj. Xyoo 2024, kev tshawb fawb ntawm perovskite lub hnub ci hnub ci yuav txuas ntxiv mus, thiab kev daws teeb meem kev ruaj ntseg mus ntev yuav yog ib txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no.
1.2 Bifacial Vaj Huam Sib Luag
Ob sab hnub ci vaj huam sib luag ntxiv txheej txheej hloov hluav taws xob photoelectric rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub hnub ci vaj huam sib luag, tso cai rau lub vaj huam sib luag kom nqus cov hnub ci los ntawm ob sab pem hauv ntej thiab sab nraub qaum, txhim kho kev tsim hluav taws xob zoo. Los ntawm 2024, bifacial solar vaj huam sib luag tshuab tau matured thiab yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam thiab industrial-scale photovoltaic systems.
Higher efficiency:Ob tog vaj huam sib luag muaj peev xwm siv tau ob qho tib si reflected thiab tawg tawg lub teeb, txhais tau tias lawv tuaj yeem tsim lub zog ntau dua li cov vaj huam sib luag ib leeg nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw. Raws li txoj cai, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm ob sab vaj huam sib luag tuaj yeem txhim kho ntau dua 30%.
Strong adaptability:Ob tog vaj huam sib luag yog tsim rau ntau yam kev teeb tsa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj qhov cuam tshuam (xws li cov plag tsev dawb suab puam, daus, thiab lwm yam). Cov cheeb tsam no tuaj yeem nce kev siv lub teeb pom kev zoo, yog li ua kom muaj zog ntxiv.
Raws li tus nqi ntawm bifacial hnub ci vaj huam sib luag maj mam txo qis, lawv xav tias yuav dhau los ua cov khoom lag luam tseem ceeb hauv kev ua lag luam los ntawm 2024, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov phiaj xwm loj hnub ci.
1.3 TOPCon thiab HJT (heterojunction) thev naus laus zis
TOPCon (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) thiab HJT (Heterojunction) hnub ci hlwb yog ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic uas muaj peev xwm ua lag luam siab. Lawv feem ntau yog ua raws li cov khoom siv silicon, tab sis tau tsim cov qauv tsim kho tshiab los txhim kho cell efficiency.
TOPCon technology:TOPCon roj teeb siv tunnel oxide passivation tiv tauj tshuab, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov poob qis thiab txhim kho cov khoom siv tam sim no ntawm lub roj teeb, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm tag nrho. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm TOPCon roj teeb tau tshaj 26%.
HJT technology:HJT hnub ci hlwb muab cov crystalline silicon thiab amorphous silicon txheej. Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov amorphous silicon txheej rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm silicon wafer, tus nqi conductivity ntawm lub roj teeb yog txhim khu kev qha, zam lub recombination poob nyob rau hauv ib txwm silicon hlwb. Kev hloov dua siab tshiab ntawm HJT roj teeb tau mus txog ntau dua 28%.
Xyoo 2024, kev nce qib thiab kev siv TOPCon thiab HJT thev naus laus zis yuav maj mam nce, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv high-end photovoltaic lag luam nrog high-efficiency fais fab tuag thiab lub neej ntev.
2. Kev siv tshuab tshiab rauhnub ci cables
Hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic, lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub hnub ci cable tsis yog tsuas yog xa lub zog, lawv qhov zoo thiab kev xaiv ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Raws li photovoltaic thev naus laus zis nce qib, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hnub ci cables txuas ntxiv txhim kho. Nov yog qee qhov kev txhim kho tshiab hauv kev siv hluav taws xob hnub ci rau xyoo 2024:
2.1 High-efficiency cable cov ntaub ntawv
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, kev tsim kho tshiab hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab rwb thaiv tsev rau cov xov tooj hluav taws xob photovoltaic tau txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub cev. Tooj liab thiab txhuas tseem yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws rau cov hnub ci cables, tab sis xyoo 2024, ntau thiab ntau lub hnub ci cables yuav siv cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo tshiab:
Highly conductive tooj liab alloy:Txhawm rau txhim kho kev sib kis tam sim no, ntau thiab ntau lub hnub ci cables pib siv cov khoom siv tooj liab zoo heev. Thaum txhim kho kev xa xov hluav taws xob zoo, cov ntaub ntawv no tuaj yeem txo cov hluav taws xob poob, yog li txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm tag nrho photovoltaic system.
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg tsawg halogen-free (LSZH) rwb thaiv tsev: Txhawm rau txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov cables, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hluav taws kub, ntau thiab ntau dua photovoltaic cables siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg halogen-free (LSZH). Cov khoom no txwv kev tsim cov pa luam yeeb ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yog li txo qhov kev pheej hmoo thaum muaj hluav taws kub.
2.2 Txhim kho UV tiv thaiv thiab huab cua tsis kam
Cov kab hluav taws xob hnub ci tau raug rau sab nraum zoov ib puag ncig ntev thiab cuam tshuam los ntawm ib puag ncig xws li hluav taws xob ultraviolet, cua thiab xuab zeb, thiab noo noo. Yog li ntawd, hnub ci cables yuav tsum muaj UV tiv taus thiab huab cua tsis kam. Nyob rau hauv 2024, hnub ci cables yuav txais yuav ntau tshaj UV-resistant cov ntaub ntawv thiab technologies los xyuas kom meej stability nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev.
Anti-UV sab nrauv sheath:Cov txheej txheej ntawm cov hlua tshiab siv cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv UV thiab tiv thaiv kev laus, uas tuaj yeem tswj tau lub neej ua haujlwm ntev hauv qhov kub thiab txias ib puag ncig UV. Lub cable tuav nws cov khoom hluav taws xob zoo txawm tias nyob rau hauv huab cua huab cua.
Waterproof thiab noo noo-pov thawj kev ua tau zoo: Hauv xyoo 2024, cov hnub ci cables tseem yuav tau them nyiaj ntau dua rau cov dej tsis zoo thiab cov dej tsis muaj pov thawj hauv kev tsim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj av noo hnyav. Lub cable sealing thiab corrosion kuj zoo heev, ntxiv txuas ntxiv lub neej ntawm cable.
2.3 Kev sib kis ntev dua thiab qis dua qhov hluav taws xob poob
Nrog kev nthuav dav ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob photovoltaic, kev sib kis ntawm photovoltaic cables tau ntev dua thiab ntev dua, uas yuav tsum muaj cov cables kom muaj qhov poob qis dua. Xyoo 2024, nrog kev nce qib txuas ntxiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cable thiab tsim thev naus laus zis, kev sib kis ntawm photovoltaic cables yuav raug txhim kho zoo.
Tsawg voltage poob cables:Los ntawm kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov qauv, cov hnub ci hluav taws xob hauv xyoo 2024 yuav muaj peev xwm tswj tau qhov hluav taws xob qis dua qhov kev ncua ntev, yog li ua kom tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm photovoltaic system.
Smart cable saib xyuas qhov system:Niaj hnub nimno photovoltaic cables kuj tau nruab nrog cov ntse sensors uas tuaj yeem saib xyuas cov xwm txheej ua haujlwm ntawm cov cable hauv lub sijhawm tiag tiag thiab kuaj xyuas qhov tsis tseem ceeb xws li tam sim no thiab kub. Thaum muaj qhov txawv txav tshwm sim, lub kaw lus tuaj yeem ua lub tswb nrov thiab siv kev tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis ua haujlwm.
3. Kev siv cov hnub ci cables hauv cov tshuab photovoltaic
Qhov zoo ntawm cov hluav taws xob hnub ci ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau kev ua tau zoo thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm photovoltaic system, yog li thaum xaiv lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov kab hluav taws xob zoo.
3.1 Cov txheej txheem xaiv Cable
Xyoo 2024, cov txheej txheem xaiv rau cov kab hluav taws xob photovoltaic yuav nruj dua, thiab cov hauv qab no feem ntau yuav tsum tau xav txog:
Rated voltage ntawm lub cable: xyuas kom meej tias qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm lub cable tuaj yeem ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cable vim qhov hluav taws xob ntau dhau.
Cable hla ntu:Raws li qhov loj me ntawm cov kab ke tam sim no, xaiv ib lub cable nrog rau qhov chaw seem uas tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib kis tam sim no thiab txo qhov tsis muaj hluav taws xob.
Environmental adaptability:Xaiv cov khoom siv cable uas hloov tau rau qee qhov chaw, xws li cov cables uas muaj zog UV tiv taus, kub tsis kam thiab ya raws, kom ntseeg tau tias kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov hauv qhov chaw huab cua.
3.2 Kev saib xyuas thiab tswj cov kab hluav taws xob photovoltaic
Raws li photovoltaic thev naus laus zis txuas ntxiv txhim kho, kev saib xyuas cable tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb dua. Hauv xyoo 2024, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam ntse yuav ua rau kev saib xyuas cable zoo dua. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas cov teeb meem cable tam sim ntawd los ntawm kev saib xyuas cov chaw taws teeb thiab ua raws li kev saib xyuas kom tsis txhob muaj lub sijhawm poob lossis txo kev ua haujlwm.