Lub tshuab hluav taws xob photovoltaic (PV) tau dhau los ua ib qho ntawm cov qauv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm lub zog tauj dua tshiab thoob ntiaj teb. Cov tshuab no siv lub hnub ci zog thiab hloov mus rau hauv hluav taws xob, nrog cov hnub ci cables yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm lawv cov teeb. Hnub ci cables yog siv los txuas cov photovoltaic panels mus rau lwm qhov ntawm lub cev, xws li inverters, roj teeb, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Raws li cov cables no raug rau qhov hnyav ntawm qhov chaw sab nraum zoov, lawv yuav tsum ua kom ruaj khov, ua haujlwm zoo, thiab nyab xeeb.
Xaiv qhov tsim nyog lub hnub ci cable specifications thiab qauv yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej kev nyab xeeb thiab ua haujlwm zoo ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab photovoltaic. Muab ntau yam cuam tshuam, xws li ib puag ncig, qhov system voltage, tam sim no ntsuas, thiab cable loj, xaiv cov cables txoj cai tuaj yeem yog txoj haujlwm nyuaj. Tsab ntawv xov xwm no yuav qhia koj txog cov txheej txheem ntawm kev xaiv qhov tsim nyog specifications thiab cov qauv ntawm cov hnub ci cables los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv Kev XaivHnub ci Cables
Thaum xaiv cov kab hluav taws xob uas tsim nyog, ntau yam tseem ceeb yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account kom ntseeg tau tias cov cables ua tau zoo thiab nyab xeeb thoob plaws lub neej ntawm photovoltaic system. Cov xwm txheej no suav nrog cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig, hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv kho tshuab, thiab kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb. Cia peb saib txhua yam ntawm no kom ntxaws ntxiv.
1. Hluav taws xob Specifications
Cov hluav taws xob specifications ntawm lub hnub ci cable yog qhov tseem ceeb los xyuas kom meej tias lub cable haum rau qhov voltage thiab tam sim no xav tau ntawm photovoltaic system. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm hluav taws xob muaj xws li:
a. Kev ntsuas hluav taws xob
Qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm lub cable yuav tsum ua raws li qhov system ua haujlwm voltage.PV systemsFeem ntau ua haujlwm ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 600V DC lossis 1500V DC rau kev lag luam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv ib lub cable uas tuaj yeem tiv taus cov hluav taws xob no yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj lossis kev puas tsuaj ntawm rwb thaiv tsev. IEC 60216 tus qauv, uas cuam tshuam nrog thermal endurance, muaj feem cuam tshuam rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cable kev ua haujlwm ntawm high voltages.
Rau cov tsev nyob, cov kab hluav taws xob nrog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntawm 600V DC feem ntau txaus.
Rau kev lag luam loj lossis kev lag luam PV tshuab, qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntau dua ntawm 1000V DC lossis 1500V DC feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntau lub zog tawm.
Xaiv ib lub cable nrog qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ntau dua li qhov xav tau ntxiv ib txheej ntxiv ntawm kev nyab xeeb thiab kev ntseeg siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias.
b. Kev ntsuas tam sim no
Kev ntsuas tam sim no yog lwm qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb rau cov hnub ci cables. Lub cable yuav tsum muaj peev xwm nqa tau qhov siab tshaj plaws tam sim no uas tsim los ntawm photovoltaic system yam tsis muaj cua sov ntau. Qhov ntsuas tam sim no nyob ntawm seb cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag nyob rau hauv qhov system, hom inverter siv, thiab tag nrho cov hluav taws xob load.
Feem ntau, hnub ci cables yog tsim los ntawm tooj liab conductors, raws li tooj liab muaj cov conductivity ntau dua li txhuas thiab muaj peev xwm tuav tau ntau dua tam sim no zoo dua.
Piv txwv li, 2.5 mm² tooj liab cable yuav raug ntsuas rau 15-20 amps, thaum 6 mm² cable tuaj yeem tuav 30-40 amps.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv ib lub cable uas muaj qhov ntsuas tam sim no kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj los yog hluav taws kub.
2. Environmental Considerations
Muab hais tias photovoltaic cables feem ntau ntsia sab nraum zoov, ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev xaiv cable. Cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau xav txog:
a. Qhov kub thiab txias
Cov kab hluav taws xob hnub ci raug cuam tshuam rau qhov kub thiab txias txhua hnub thiab hmo ntuj. Cov kab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tiv taus ob qho tib si kub thaum lub hnub ci siab tshaj plaws thiab txias txias thaum hmo ntuj lossis lub caij ntuj no. Lub hnub ci cable yuav tsum tau ntsuas rau qhov kub thiab txias ntau yam kom ntseeg tau tias nws kav ntev.
Cov kab hluav taws xob niaj hnub tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov ntsuas kub ntawm -40 degree rau +90 degree .
Hauv qee thaj chaw, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov suab puam lossis qhov chaw uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias hloov pauv, yuav tsum muaj cov kab hluav taws xob ntsuas rau -40 degree rau +105 degree.
b. UV Resistance
Cov kab hluav taws xob hnub ci txuas ntxiv raug rau ultraviolet (UV) hluav taws xob los ntawm lub hnub, uas tuaj yeem degrade cov ntaub ntawv raws sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, UV tsis kam yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem xaiv.
Cables siv sab nraum zoov yuav tsum yog UV-resistant los tiv thaiv cov rwb thaiv tsev los ntawm kev tawg thiab tawg nyob rau hauv ntev raug tshav ntuj. Cables ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li TPE (Thermoplastic Elastomer) los yog XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene) muaj zog tiv thaiv UV.
c. Moisture thiab huab cua tsis kam
Cov dej noo tuaj yeem ua rau cov kab hluav taws xob puas, ua rau hluav taws xob tsis zoo, corrosion, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Xaiv cov cables uas tiv taus cov dej noo thiab huab cua yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov kab hluav taws xob tsis muaj dej tsis zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj cov av noo siab los yog nquag los nag.
Sab nrauv ntawm lub cable yuav tsum muaj kev tiv thaiv txaus tiv thaiv dej nkag. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) thiab PE (Polyethylene) feem ntau yog siv rau cov cables sab nraum zoov vim lawv tsis kam ua kom ya raws.
d. Corrosion Resistance
Hauv thaj chaw ntug dej hiav txwv lossis thaj chaw muaj kev lag luam, cov kab hluav taws xob raug rau cov dej ntsev lossis tshuaj lom neeg, uas tuaj yeem ua rau corrosion ntawm cov cables conductors. Xaiv cov cables nrog txhim kho corrosion kuj yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom lub neej ntev ntawm photovoltaic system.
Tinned tooj liab cables feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv cheeb tsam los tiv thaiv tus neeg xyuas pib los ntawm corrosion, raws li lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation piv rau tus qauv tooj liab.
3. Mechanical Properties
Cov kab hluav taws xob hnub ci yuav tsum tiv taus ntau yam kev ntxhov siab, nrog rau lub cev puas, nro, thiab khoov. Thaum xaiv cov cables, cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau xav txog:
a. Khoov Radius
Cov kab hluav taws xob hnub ci yuav tsum tau teeb tsa yam tsis muaj qhov khoov ntse, vim tias kev khoov dhau ntawm qhov qis kawg ntawm lub vojvoog khoov tuaj yeem ua rau cov rwb thaiv tsev lossis cov khoom siv puas. Txhua hom cable muaj qhov pom zoo yam tsawg kawg nkaus khoov vojvoog, feem ntau qhia los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom.
Khoov vojvoog nyob ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab kev tsim kho. Flexible cables yuav muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus khoov lub vojvoog piv rau cov cables nruj dua.
b. Durability thiab Flexibility
Hauv qee qhov kev teeb tsa, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj chaw uas muaj kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua lossis qhov twg cov cables yuav tsum tau dhau los ntawm qhov chaw nruj, kev yoog raws yog qhov tseem ceeb. Saj zawg zog hnub ci cables yog tsim los tiv thaiv rov qab khoov yam tsis muaj kev tawg.
Xyuas kom lub cable muaj qhov yooj yim txaus rau daim ntawv thov yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntev. Saj zawg zog cables feem ntau muaj zog dua txhua yam thiab yooj yim rau nruab.
c. Abrasion Resistance
Cov kab hluav taws xob hnub ci tuaj yeem raug rau qhov chaw ntxhib los yog txav mus rau lub sijhawm teeb tsa, uas tuaj yeem ua rau puas thiab puas rau lub rwb thaiv tsev. Xaiv cov cables uas muaj kev puas tsuaj siab ua kom lawv lub neej ntev thiab kev nyab xeeb.
Cov ntaub qhwv sab nrauv ua los ntawm PVC lossis TPE muab kev tiv thaiv zoo, thaum lub tsho hlau tuaj yeem siv rau kev tiv thaiv ntxiv hauv thaj chaw muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub cev.
4. Kev nyab xeeb thiab ua raws li cov qauv
Kev ua raws li cov qauv kev lag luam yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum xaiv cov kab hluav taws xob hnub ci, vim nws ua kom cov cables ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab cov qauv kev ua haujlwm. Qee cov qauv tsim nyog rau hnub ci cables suav nrog:
a. IEC 60216: Ua – Thermal Endurance ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev
Cov qauv no muab cov kev sim rau kev txiav txim siab lub peev xwm ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob los tiv thaiv qhov kub thiab txias dhau lub sijhawm ntev yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev.
b. IEC 60332 (TSI) – Nplaim Retardant Properties
Cov kab hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau ua raws li IEC 60332 txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev sib kis ntawm cov nplaim taws thaum muaj hluav taws xob txhaum cai. Flame-retardant cables pab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws kub hauv kev teeb tsa.
c. IEC 60502: Ua – Fais fab Cables
Cov txheej txheem no suav nrog cov lus qhia dav dav rau cov hlua hluav taws xob, kom ntseeg tau tias cov cables tuaj yeem tiv taus hluav taws xob thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm.
d. TIAB SA 4703 – Photovoltaic Hlau (USA)
Rau kev teeb tsa hauv Tebchaws Meskas, UL 4703 qhia txog cov kev xav tau rau cov xov hlau photovoltaic, kom ntseeg tau tias lawv muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab txhim khu kev qha.
e. RoHS Ua Raws Cai
Xyuas kom meej tias cov hnub ci cables yog RoHS (Txheej Txheem Cov Khoom Muaj Teeb Meem) ua raws, txhais tau tias lawv tsis muaj cov khoom tsis zoo xws li txhuas lossis cadmium.
5. Loj thiab Hla-Sectional Cheeb Tsam ntawm Cable
Qhov chaw hla ntu ntawm cable ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau nws lub peev xwm nqa tam sim no. Cov kab hluav taws xob loj muaj peev xwm tuav tau cov dej ntws siab dua yam tsis muaj cua sov ntau. Qhov loj me me yuav tsum raug xaiv raws li qhov system lub zog xav tau.
Cables feem ntau muaj nyob rau hauv qhov ntau thiab tsawg los ntawm 1.5 mm² txog 10 mm² lossis siab dua, nrog rau cov ntu loj dua uas yuav tsum muaj rau cov tshuab tam sim no.
Kev xaiv ntawm cable loj kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm cov yam ntxwv xws li kev ncua deb ntawm cov khoom (xws li, ntawm cov hnub ci vaj huam sib luag thiab lub inverter). Kev ncua ntev yuav tsum muaj cov cables loj dua los tiv thaiv lub zog poob vim qhov hluav taws xob poob.